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Ganoderma : a therapeutic fungal biofactory
[Ganoderma: een therapeutische paddenstoel-biofabriek]
Inhoud: vertelt waarom deze paddenstoelsoort bekend is geworden als een oude remedie voor allerlei ziektes en wat de nieuwste ontwikkelingen zijn. Geeft inzicht in de verschillende biologische werkingen van de afzonderlijke stoffen (chemische verbindingen; metabolieten) die in de diverse Ganoderma soorten (o.a. Ganoderma Lucidum) voorkomen, gerelateerd aan ‘claims’ van effectiviteit.
Stoffen die genoemd worden: adenosine, lectines,
polysacchariden, proteine LZ-8, terpenoiden, triterpenoiden.
Trefwoorden: Ganoderma
Lingzhi Terpenoiden Steroiden Polysacchariden Kanker HIV
Soort artikel: overzichtsartikel, overzicht van de literatuur,
review. Taal: engels.
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Samenvatting:
Ganoderma
: a therapeutic fungal biofactory
Paterson, R. R. M.
Phytochemistry, Vol. 67 (Sept.
2006) Pag. 1985-2001. ISSN 0031-9422.
Ganoderma is a basidiomycete white rot fungus which has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries particularly in China, Japan and Korea. A great deal of work has been carried out on Ganoderma lucidum. The common names for preparations include Lingzhi, Munnertake, Sachitake, Reishi and Youngzhi. This review collates the publications detailing activities and compounds by representative species whilst considering the most valid claims of effectiveness. The biological activities reported of preparations from Ganoderma are remarkable and given most emphasis herein as distinct from structure/activity information. The metabolites consist of mainly polysaccharides and terpenoids. Many are activities against the major diseases of our time and so the present review is of great importance. The list of effects is huge ranging from anti-cancer to relieving blockages of the bladder. However, the reports have not all been tested scientifically with the convincing evidence is reserved for assays of pure compounds. It is a prime example of an ancient remedy being of great relevance to the modern era. There does appear to be an assumption that the therapeutic effects attributed to the fungus have been proven. The next step is to produce some effective medicines which may be hampered by problems of mass production.
In onderstaande tabel worden enkele stoffen en hun werking genoemd, met verwijzing naar de bijbehorende referentie. Kijk voor de volledige referentie - via bovengenoemde link/URL - in het PDF-document.
Table 2 (Uit: artikel van Paterson
RRM (2006); Phytochemistry, V67, P1985-2001)
General
compounds and effects of Ganoderma reported in the literature until 2004
|
Compound and its Effect
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Reference
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Adenosine
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|
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Antiplatelet aggregation
|
Kawagishi et al. (1993),
Shimizu et al. (1985)
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Lectins
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|
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Mitogenic
|
Ngai and Ng (2004)
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Polysaccharides
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|
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Antifibriotic
|
Park et al. (1997)
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Antiherpetic
|
Eo et al. (1999a,b, 2000), Kim et al. (2000), Oh et al. (2000)
|
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Anti-inflammatory
|
Ukai et al. (1983)
|
|
Hepatoprotective
|
Zhang et al. (2002)
|
|
Hypoglycaemic
|
Hikino et al. (1985, 1989), Hikino and Mizuno (1989), Tomoda et
al. (1986), Zhang and Lin (2004)
|
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Immuno-modulatory –
anti-tumour
|
Gao et al. (2000a,b), Li et
al. (2000), Li and Zhang (2000), Ooi et al. (2002),
Sasaki et al. (1971), Sone et al. (1985)
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Miscellaneous (radiation
protection,DNA damage, anti-oxidant)
|
Kim and Kim (1999b), Lee et
al. (2001)
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Protein (‘‘LZ-8’’)
|
|
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Immunodulatory
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van der Hem et al. (1995)
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Immunosuppressive
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van der Hem et al. (1995)
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Terpenoids and related compounds
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Anti-bacterial
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Smania et al. (1999)
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‘‘Anti-complement’’
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Min et al. (2001)
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Anti-inflammatory
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Kleinwächter et al. (2001)
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Anti-oxidant
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Zhu et al. (1999)
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Antiplatelet aggregation
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Shiao (1992)
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Antiviral
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El-Mekkawy et al. (1998), Mothana et al. (2003)
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Cytotoxicity
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Gao et al. (2002), Gonzalez
et al. (2002), Kimura et al. (2002), Lin et al.
(1991), Su et al. (2000), Wu et al. (2001)
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Enzyme inhibitors
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Lee et al. (1998)
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Hepatoprotective
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Chen and Yu (1999), Kim et
al. (1999)
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Hypolipidemic (cholesterol inhibitors)
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Komoda et al. (1989), Shiao (1992)
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Hypotensive
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Morigiwa et al. (1986)
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